Register Online »Training Agenda

1) Overview

2) The Concept of Saturation

A) Solubility product

B) Solubility relationships for common scales

C) Solubility and simple indices

D) Thermodynamics versus kinetics (or when will it come out)

3) Simple Scale Indices

A) Langelier

B) Ryznar

C) Puckorius

D) Stiff-Davis

E) Shortcomings

F) Relationship to saturation level

G) Improving prediction reliability

4) Alkalinity

A) Correcting for non carbonate alkalinity

B) Does a system conserve alkalinity? Molar carbon?

C) How the software handles alkalinity

D) Choosing the software alkalinity to match the system

5) Ion Association Models

A) Free versus total ions

B) Distribution of species

C) Ion pairs used by the software

D) Practical impact of incomplete analyses upon saturation level calculations

6) Saturation Levels

A) Calcium carbonate. Calcite? Aragonite? Vaterite?

B) Calcium sulfate. Gypsum? Anhydrite?

C) Calcium phosphate. Tricalcium phosphate? Hydroxyapatite? Others?

D) Amorphous silica

E) Magnesium silicate. Stoichiometric?

F) Interpreting saturation levels. Driving force versus quantity. Why are some numbers so big (or so small)?

7) Momentary Excess

A) Calculations

B) Interpretation

C) Other uses

8) Predicting Corrosion

A) Larson-Skold (Larson’s ratio)

B) Psigan model

C) Davis model

9) Installation and Setup Hints

A) Input units

B) Printers

C) Printer ports

D) Printing to file

10) Restoring and Saving Work Files

A) The default directory (\WATER\ for WaterCycle® series, \HYDRO\ for hyd-RO-dose®, etc)

B) Storing on USB sticks or in other folders

C) I forgot what’s in the files

11) Once Through System Evaluation

A) Source analysis input

B) Input specs

C) Temperature profiles

D) pH profiles

E) 3D pH/temperature profiles

F) How the software varies pH/alkalinity

G) Should you conserve Ct? Alk? (or what does that box in the lower right hand corner really mean?)

H) Printing reports

I) Printing graphs

J) Exporting graphic files and COPYING and PASTING

K) Printing to PDF

12) Cooling Tower Evaluation

A) Makeup water input

B) System specs

a) Customizing to your region

b) What numbers should I use?

c) % evaporation

d) Leaks

e) Drift

f) Cycles

C) Predicting pH

a) Default curve

b) Custom pH/alkalinity curves

c) Should the makeup water pH equal the pH at 1.0 cycles?

d) Are more sophisticated models necessary?

e) Acid feed

D) How the software “concentrates” makeup water

a) Should you: conserve alkalinity? Total molar carbon?

b) Alkalinity/sulfate or alkalinity/cl changes due to pH control

c) Graph color coding

d) Setting the range for tables

E) Interpreting the WATER CHEMISTRY and DEPOSITION POTENTIAL tables.

a) Calcite saturation level -Calcite saturation 150 warning/action point -Calcite saturation 200 warning/action point -How high can you go?

b) Tricalcium phosphate · -What’s significant? · -Where do typical orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor programs run -How high a saturation level can copolymers handle? -Why are Ca3 (PO4) 2 momentary excess values so small?

c) Silica · -Modeling pH/temperature effects upon silica solubility · -Warning zones for Mg (OH) 2: Si02 · -Do silica inhibitors work?

d) Calcium sulfate saturation levels · -Should I watch gypsum? -Anhydrite?

F) 3D Profiles

a) Setting specs for the profiles

b) Printing in black and white

c) Color printing

d) Exporting as a BMP file

e) Showing the impact of SPC control limits

f) Exporting the Data Points to an ASCII file

G) Reverse Osmosis Systems

a) Closed or Open

b) pH control point c) membrane spec’s and files

d) concentration polarization/ cake polarization

e) limits

f) reports

H) Oilfield and Mining Applications

I) Municipal Water/Potable Water

a) Max soluble lead and copper

b) max inhibitor solubility

c) corrosion inhibitors

J) Flow Back: A Special Case

A) Adding graphs to Microsoft Word documents (embedded versus linked)

B) PowerPoint

14) Bring water chemistry and system specifications (please send in at least three weeks prior) for use as a workshop example.

15) The concept of induction time

A) The molecular waiting room

a) Kinetics vs thermodynamics

B) The impact of phosphonates upon induction time

C) The impact of saturation level upon induction time

D) The impact of temperature upon induction time

16) Laboratory test methods

A) Static beaker tests

B) Constant composition tests

C) Pilot cooling systems

D) Relating laboratory tests to field systems

E) Notes on experimental design

17) Putting it all together – The models

A) Dosage = f (saturation level, temperature time)

B) Dosage = f (saturation level, temperature, pH, time)

C) Dealing with interfering substances (e.g. Fe)

18) Examples

19) Prior art for corrosion rate prediction

A) Simple indices as indicator

a) Larson Skold

b) Do calcium carbonate indices apply?

B) Psigan and Singley

C) Davis

D) Boffardi

20) The Zisson Data Model

A) Laboratory method

B) Parameter selection

C) The model

21) Adding inhibitors to the equation

A) Experience based data (the Water Treatment Company Manuals)

B) Laboratory data

C) The models

a) Dosage = f (water chemistry, target corrosion rate)

b) Corrosion rate = f (water chemistry, inhibitor dosage)

22) How the software evaluates a water

A) Corrosion inhibitor

B) Problems caused by the inhibitor

C) Other scale forming species

23) Examples

A) The orthophosphate/copolymer/phosphonate blend

24) Optimize your own formulas

25) Develop your own models